Abstract Details

Title Unveiling the Spectrum: Investigating HIV-Associated Neurological Challenges in Hospitalized Patients and Predicting Prognosis Over Three Months

Topic Infectious Disease

Presentation(s) C17 - Neuro-infections in Immunocompromised (4:31 PM-4:38 PM)
P2 - Poster Session 2 (2:45 PM-3:45 PM)

Poster/Presentation
Number 054

Background HIV remains a significant global health issue, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where it affects over 67% of people living with HIV (PLHIV), totaling 22.5 million individuals. In Guinea, there were 121,951 people living with HIV in 2014, with 32,040 receiving antiretroviral treatment. CNS involvement in HIV can arise from immunosuppression, direct viral infection, or side effects from medication. In Guinea, many HIV cases remain undiagnosed until complications emerge such as neurological opportunistic infections.

Objective

Investigate the prevalence of HIV-related neurological complications among hospitalized patients in the neurology department of the University Hospital in Guinea, and evaluate the prognosis of patients with HIV-related neurological complications after three months of hospitalization.

Design/Methods

We performed a retrospective descriptive study spanning six months from April 6, 2021, to September 30, 2021, in the neurology department of University Hospital Ignace Deen. We included all HIV patients with CNS involvement, regardless of the cause, clinical presentation, or viral load. We recorded epidemiological, clinical, Para clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic variables. Data analysis was performed using Epi-Info7.2.2.16.

Results

Out of 308 hospitalizations, we noted 70 cases of CNS involvement in HIV, representing a frequency of 22.7%. The female-to-male ratio was 6:4, with a mean age of 43.15 ± 14.23 years. Type 1 HIV was found in 90% of patients, with 67.1% of cases being newly diagnosed. The most common CNS involvements were cerebral toxoplasmosis (37.1%), stroke (17.1%), and meningoencephalitis (14.3%). In-hospital mortality was 11.4%. After three months, the overall mortality increased to 21.4%.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our study underscores the importance of early HIV diagnosis and access to antiretroviral treatment to prevent or reduce the development of neurological complications with associated morbidity and mortality. Additionally, comprehensive neurological evaluation and management strategies are crucial in improving the prognosis of HIV patients with CNS involvement.

Authors/Disclosures
Mamadou Diallo, MD PRESENTER	Dr. Diallo has nothing to disclose.
Souleymane Mbara Diallo (Service de Neurologie)	No disclosure on file
Mariama Boubacar Diallo (Hospital National Ignace Deen)	No disclosure on file
Cisse Amara	No disclosure on file